Proxy IP mainly solves the following problems in crawling and other network operations:

1. Access restrictions: Many websites implement regional restrictions or access control based on the user's IP address. Using proxy IP, you can disguise yourself as a user from a different region or country to bypass these restrictions.

2. Anti-crawling strategy: Websites usually have anti-crawling mechanisms to prevent automated tools from frequently crawling data. By switching proxy IPs, crawlers can simulate the behavior of multiple users, reducing the risk of being identified as a robot and blocked.

3. Improve efficiency: Using proxy IP can disperse requests among multiple IP addresses, avoiding a single IP address being limited or blocked by the target website due to too many requests, thereby improving the efficiency of data collection.

4. Data security: Proxy IP can protect the information of the original IP address to a certain extent, increase the anonymity of network activities, and help operations that need to protect privacy or security.

5. Obtain specific data: Some information may vary depending on the geographical location, network environment, or user type. Using proxy IP can simulate different user environments to obtain more comprehensive or specific data.

6. Prevent IP blacklisting: If an IP address is blacklisted by the target website due to too frequent requests or inappropriate behavior, using a proxy IP can avoid this problem because the IP address can be changed at any time.

7. Load balancing: In a distributed crawler system, a proxy IP can help achieve load balancing, distribute requests to multiple servers or network resources, and improve the stability and performance of the system.

However, the use of proxy IPs is not without challenges, such as the need to solve the validity verification of proxy IPs, manage a large number of IP addresses, and deal with possible errors and failures.

In addition, over-reliance on proxy IPs or improper use of proxies may also cause legal and ethical issues, so it is necessary to be cautious and comply with relevant regulations when using them.